本报记者 鲍亚飞 　　这实在是一件让人崩溃的事。花费450万元买进的13件明清家具，其中11件都是新仿的，专家估价不超过190万元，这其中的260万元差价白白打了水漂。 　　闵遂五，站在刚刚买进的一张架子床边，神情落寞。 　　有如此遭遇的不仅仅是闵遂五一人。一件新工新料中等体形的小叶紫檀圈椅，目前杭州市场价格约为3万元-4万元，而一件明代素工檀香紫檀（以下简称“老紫檀”）圈椅的价格至少要25万元-30万元。新工新料作伪古旧家具，目的正是要攫取其中的差价。 　　“尽管以小叶紫檀等珍稀木材制作的家具本来就价格不低，但如果以古旧家具的身份出手，作伪者可能会获得高出10倍的收益。”杭州古旧家具资深藏家王秉说，无论是收藏还是投资古旧家具，如果不了解这些木材的纹理和红、紫、褐、黄、黑、灰等六色特征，就要更加小心谨慎。 　　205万元买了件新“古董” 　　闵遂五其实还算是个谨慎的人。可为什么最终还是上了当呢？ 　　“无论是质地、重量、包浆还是雕工，看起来这都是一件难得的老紫檀精品。”闵遂五把记者带到他家的景观玻璃房，指着一张架子床说。 　　在宁波第一次看到这件架子床时，他兴奋莫名。这张架子床四周满工，主料均为独木，长宽高分别为2.47米、1.87米、2.27米。 　　架子床出现在宁波一藏友家中，通体暗黑发亮、沉重异常、雕刻精细，极像清朝工艺，还可能是清宫用具。 　　闵遂五最终以205万元买下了这张“古董床”。 　　这张床运至杭州的第二天，闵遂五就招朋友来“掌眼”，三四个人意见不一。闵遂五干脆邀请了省收藏协会和北京几个专门研究明清家具的专家对自己近一年来购买的13件家具进行鉴定，结果令他大吃一惊：除了一件顶柜和一张写字台，其他的均为当代仿品。 　　那张被闵遂五认为是清宫廷用老紫檀架子床实乃当代仿品，材质为尼泊尔小叶紫檀。北京杰佳红木总经理葛海珍见到这张床说，目前的市场价值约为65万元-80万元。比205万元的买价足足缩水了100多万元,Nike Fotboll skor。 　　收藏界内人士和律师称 想要退货非常难 　　既然确定是新仿品，闵遂五当然想退货。“我去宁波找卖主，对方根本不接茬，他说这个就是看眼力的，还否认自己说过那是‘明清家具’。”闵遂五也没了底气――购买当初，买卖双方并没有签订协议。 　　闵转而找到省收藏协会。“这样的维权十分困难，成功率很低。”省收藏协会副会长贺善达说，第一卖家是个人而非企业，几乎没有市场诚信的约束；第二双方没有协议，闵先生无法证明卖家在以“明清家具”为名进行推销；第三收藏界一般把这种情况称为“打眼”，凭的就是眼力，卖家不退外力很难强求。 　　贺善达建议闵先生向法院起诉。 　　浙江君安世纪律师事务所梅宁律师说，在拿不出证据的前提下，该商品只能以新家具的身份进行维权。如果闵先生要退货，则必须说明该件商品的明显质量瑕疵。“但作为一件新工红木家具，架子床并没有质量问题。” 　　家具做旧已形成产业链 　　13件家具，11件是做旧的。这些伪旧家具到底从哪里来？ 　　“就国内而言，‘明清家具’多产于河北大城县；就浙江而言，不少做旧家具来自宁波。”杭州一知名藏家说。 　　2月13日，记者来到了这位藏家所说的宁波慈溪某镇古旧家具一条街。堆成山的家具新旧不分，而不少以明清家具面目出现的家具售价低得惊人：一套清中期大叶紫檀四方桌（一张桌子、四把椅子）标价8.2万元；一对清末小叶紫檀圈椅标价1.78万元；一张明代黄花梨茶几标价1.9万元。 　　在这个小镇，记者先后见到了5家以“仿古、修旧”为招牌的家具厂负责人，其中有三家明确表示能提供仿古或者做旧、修旧的家具。以一把大叶紫檀圈椅为例，仿古、做旧、修旧价格多为1.5万元、2万元、3.5万元。 　　新工到古董，30天即可完成 　　从新家具到做旧完成只要1个月时间，期间大约要经历20个步骤。如果量大，其做旧的成本（以圈椅为例）一般低于500元/件，而做旧后的家具价格往往要翻番。 　　在一家“只做外贸家具”的家具厂，记者见识到了做旧的各个环节，包括加温、打磨、上色、冲沙、泡碱、染色等等。 　　老家具传了许多年，自然会留下不少包括破损、污渍、烧毁等痕迹，而新家具不具备这些表象，做旧就是人工造出这类痕迹。 　　首先要把新家具砸坏、拆卸，然后在有需要的部位敲打形成破损或缺口，接着对这些材料进行高温烘烤使之变形、开裂，并放入冷水剧烈收缩。这是做旧的前提工序。 　　为了使家具的使用痕迹更加明显，在部件重新组装打磨后，做旧人会用喷灯烤，使部分位置出现炭化。炭化颜色不真实的还需要用皮鞋油上色、抛光。 　　家具使用久了，表面会生成一层温润的亮光，行话叫做“包浆”。为使新家具也有“包浆”，人为做旧一般要使用挫草打磨――这种草先晒干再泡水，然后用来慢慢磨出木头的岁月光泽。接下来还需要第二次打蜡擦油。 　　做好了包浆还不行，家具接触地面的部分是做旧的又一关键。做旧者一般会先冲沙――即把椅脚放在沙子里反复磨，破损部分会更加真实光滑。 　　另外，因为地上有潮气，家具使用时间长了以后，腿部会泛白。这种白通过白醋浸泡实现，时间是一周。 　　冲沙、醋泡之后就是泡碱――把生石灰调成膏涂满家具表面。浇水后生石灰会发热，腐蚀家具表面形成沧桑感。如果要使历史感更加明显，还可以用高锰酸钾刷涂；之后是染发剂等物质第二次上色、双氧水冲洗、二次打磨。 　　到此，家具做旧已经用去了25天左右，无论哪个方面都已经颇具古风。 　　最后一道工序是“美容”：把做旧过的家具放在鸟笼或者鸽笼下等潮湿处。一周后，鸟粪、蜘蛛网都有了，这会造成家具已经长久没人使用的假象。

Watching the gangster stabbed the driver ,passengers in the car without a helping hand at six forty-five yesterday afternoon ,long-distance bus station in Ji District ,a car from Ji Heze long-distance bus ,15 minutes tostart . Now two men didn but not to break long-distance car ,still on the road to the passengers ,driver Li Guoqiang bravely stepped forward to stop .Did not think of to be in dispute ,a behave in a vicious and unrestrained way gangster was took out a fruit knife, knife stabbed Li Guoqiang with five ,Li Guoqiang fell in a pool of blood . .. ... Nine o Li Guoqiang had just emerged from the emergency room .This edition of article / ;journalist Liang Geng ; ;map / ;journalist Fu Qiyuan seven o ,is the Ji to Heze long-distance bus departure time deluxe . The car quietly stopped at the Ji station south station parking lot, waiting for passengers on the train, all as usual, orderly .This time ,the car has more than 20 passengers,baggage into the head of the trunk ,waiting for the car . Suddenly ,thump thump two men face ferocious look walk up the steps to the front door ,want to get on the bus . From here for several years ,to which few people have deep impression, they are taking advantage of the car ,car up to steal . Long distance car owners Wang told reporters ,I see them ,suggests that Li Guoqiang can let them in . The two man of many years old 30 ,a more than 40 years ,they did not buy tickets ,you want to enter on the car without demur . Wang tells a reporter ,this time Li Guoqiang said, you have a ticket ?Have you got any tickets ?No votes can not get on the bus !Two men to face the driver is questioned, not bother ,Li Guoqiang is hard up . This two casual visitor not timid ,seems more act recklessly and care for nobody ,broke into the car ,and arrogant opened the front trunk ,to go over the passenger luggage . They do, Li Guoqiang is not willing to ,these people are here to steal passengers things, say a serious point ,fast Cheng Ming robbed . Owner Wang told reporters ,Li Guoqiang ordered them to stop and get off ,did not think they threatened : ,you tube I find someone broke your car ,get you killed !A remark, Li Guoqiang felt more serious business . He just wants to protect passengers and property safety !Wang told reporters ,so the two of them came to discourage casual visitor off two ,debate ,a running car man thrusts his fists against the Li Guoqiang ,in four individuals in the long-distance door entangled together ,I tried to pull the two ,not allowing them to ,I can not pull them, still endured the two feet, and then turn to get off . Ms. Wang trembling voice said .Ms. Wang at the deterioration of the situation, immediately get off to find security for help ,she left just a few minutes, driver Li Guoqiang misfortune . Under the banner ,the age of approximately 30 year-old menout of the fruit knife . A vehicle occupant told reporters ,master drivers at each other to come up with the weapon ,unconsciously moved back, may be accidentally stumble ,he fell into the central channel of the car . When the name with a fruit knife man rushed in ,toward the driver ,blunt driver through .Passengers told reporters ,the driver shouted ,hastened to the people ,murderous man jumped up, and a man got out and ran ,a very short period of time ,the other we did not see clearly . Reporters at the inside to see ,the driver was location on the vehicle corridor middle ,also on the grounds is a pool of blood ,emptying the trash, and Li Guoqiang a pair of bloody sock ,the scene could make people imagine the scene . The driver finally called the sentence, I am in the 5 knife, go to the people .A passenger said ,then owner Ms. Wang called security ,a look at Li Guoqiang in a pool of blood ,call 120 immediately ,and he was sent to the nearest hospital traffic . According to the passengers in the car ,the two men . Seems to be the northeast ,and the station should have a monitor can be viewed .At present, the police have to investigate .The coach eye tears not for the passengers ,he saw the child and driver Li Guoqiang the most familiar ,is this long-distance vehicles car advocate lady ,speaking of her car. The driver ,she a lot of nod , good !Miss Cheung told reporters ,Li Guoqiang is about two months before the team assigned to her car and drive . He is 32 years old this year ,is cheerful ,really ,especially towards work seriously ,a strong sense of responsibility . Li Guoqiang usually have a good temper ,he is for passengers ,to stand up .Ms. Zhang said moist eyes ,Li Guoqiang home kids were small ,family economic situation is not good , is a thing tonight ,will arrive in Heze at ten o ,he should go home to see his wife and children . ; ;at present, Li Guoqiang team leader already know things ,will today came to visit Li Guoqiang ,but they still haven Li Guoqiang ,he is doing a commendable thing ,but we still can tell his family condition ,have a look . Save about two hours of Li Guoqiang out of danger at eight o last night ,reporters rushed to the hospital, Li Guoqiang was sent to the operation room .They team colleagues rushed to the hospital ,waiting anxiously for the results of operation ,he is sent more than 7 points ,operation wasn . Last night at nine ten, operation room door opened ,Nike talon haut,Li Guoqiang with his eyes closed, although face ,but look has been very calm, nurses with the stretcher vehicle gently pushed out ,his upper body lotion on the sheet outside, there is a gray suit ,his left leg with a thick bandage wrapped . He was $five, mainly in the left side of the body ,should not be life-threatening .A medical staff told reporters .A reporter from Li Guoqiang records to see ,the multiple stabbing pain ,bleeding ,half an hour ,was stabbed left shoulder ,left knee ,left leg ,right foot pain ,bleeding . Life was not in danger ,such news let everyone breathed a sigh of relief .Watched the driver was more than 20 passengers were all Silence in the Public Security Bureau in Ji flyover Branch Bureau of Ji station at the entrance ,after coach also stop there ,more than 20 passengers on board the majority also sitting in the car ,some of them more understanding of the situation of passengers ,has entered the police station to assist in understanding the situation . The reporter went on to understand the situation, they also confirmed to reporters that the long-distance owner Ms. Wang said, and Li Guoqiang are doing very admire and support ,he was to protect the passengers in the car ,he is good ! The two people are really too bold, also threatening the driver ,to do such a thing ,the driver so brave ,we thank him . The assailant when, do you have help ?The reporter ,let the scene in silence ,some passengers bowed his head, some turned away ,more than 10 seconds of silence,a male passenger said ,then it happened so quickly, have no reaction . Cars are too black ,not see ah .Originally started at 7, more than 10 passengerscan reach Heze ,last night about eight forty-five ,long-distance bus station to give them a bus bound for Liangshan ,sending them to Heze ,the car is about 5 hours to get to Heze . Looking at the vehicle slowly from the bus station ,one of the onlookers people muttered , they had to sleep in the car ,but I do not know whether they really sleep ... ... Who do what one wishes without restraint gangsters ?Long-distance truck drivers ,for the passenger safety and property, to stop the illegal acts in 5 knives . We can express in addition to respect ,or honor .Maybe someone would say ,as the driver or owner of the vehicle ,and the passenger is formed between a contractual relationship ,should protect the occupant safety of life and property . This sense of right ,but ,in protecting the safety of passengers have made themselves when threatened ,not everyone can do step forward bravely .But the car to do what one wishes without restraint ,the crew and passengers of his case ,be too numerous to enumerate . More typical ,in 2001 September,in a Sichuan to Guangdong long-distance sleeper bus ,a gangster on the way to the car girlraped 5 times ,more than 40 of drivers and passengers ,no one stop and revolt . The principal was eventually sentenced to death ,but it brings to people psychological impact persisted .Some of the current forum, often can see introduced the post .When the drivers to turn a blind eye to become common ,Li Guoqiang step forward bravely ,they have beautifully significance . That is: do not bow to evil ,to overcome the evil .However ,we regret that ,Li Guoqiang is injured ,this should not happen .This should not be ,not to say that the gangster ,but that ,should not have the arbitrary infested soil . Please note that the owners Ms. Lee such a few words :from here for several years ,to which few people have deep impression, they are taking advantage of the car ,car up to steal . If it is true, to prove a point :the person is not sudden desire to robbery ,but is occupation ,but also in the car there, became acquaintance . So ,in recent years, there is no one to stop them ?Even if no one stop ,not the crew or passengers because of the lost property and the alarm ?If this is not ,is monitoring equipment had not found the gang wrongdoing ?Layers of mystery ,is actually a reduction in key . The murderer is sure to catch, but ,what is more important to do what one wishes without restraint .This ,still need relevant departments investigate .Otherwise ,still do not know how many people would therefore be always on tenterhooks ,transverse loss .